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JLPT Guide/JLPT N1 Vocabulary/Row Ka
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< JLPT Guide | JLPT N1 Vocabulary
仮, か -tentative, provisional
科, か -department, section
個, か -article counter
下位, かい -low rank, subordinate, lower order (e.g. byte)
改悪, かいあく -deterioration, changing for the worse
海運, かいうん -maritime, marine transportation
改革, かいかく -reform, reformation, innovation
貝殻, かいがら -shell
階級, かいきゅう -class, rank, grade
海峡, かいきょう -channel
会見, かいけん -interview, audience
介護, かいご -nursing
開催, かいさい -holding a meeting, open an exhibition
回収, かいしゅう -collection, recovery
改修, かいしゅう -repair, improvement
怪獣, かいじゅう -monster
解除, かいじょ -cancellation, rescinding, release, calling off
回送, かいそう -forwarding
階層, かいそう -class, level, stratum, hierarchy
開拓, かいたく -reclamation (of wasteland), cultivation, pioneer
会談, かいだん -conversation, conference, discussion, interview
改定, かいてい -reform
改訂, かいてい -revision
街道, かいどう -highway
介入, かいにゅう -intervention
開発, かいはつ -development, exploitation
海抜, かいばつ -height above sea level
介抱, かいほう -nursing, looking after
解剖, かいぼう -dissection, autopsy
回覧, かいらん -circulation
海流, かいりゅう -ocean current
改良, かいりょう -improvement, reform
回路, かいろ -circuit (electric)
顧みる, かえりみる -to look back, to turn around, to review
省みる, かえりみる -to reflect
返る, かえる -to return, to come back, to go back
顔付き, かおつき -(outward) looks, features, face, countenance, expression
掲げる, かかげる -to publish, to print, to carry (an article), to put up, to hang out, to hoist, to fly (a sail), to float (a
踵, かかと -(shoe) heel
係り, かかり -official, duty, person in charge
課外, かがい -extracurricular
書き取り, かきとり -dictation
書き取る, かきとる -to write down, to take dictation, to take notes
掻き回す, かきまわす -to stir up, to churn, to ransack, to disturb
欠く, かく -to lack, to break, to crack, to chip
角, かく -1. angle, 2. bishop (shogi)
核, かく -nucleus, kernel
格, かく -status, character, case
佳句, かく -beautiful passage of literature
画, かく -stroke
格差, かくさ -qualitative difference, disparity
拡散, かくさん -scattering, diffusion
各種, かくしゅ -every kind, all sorts
隔週, かくしゅう -every other week
確信, かくしん -conviction, confidence
革新, かくしん -reform, innovation
確定, かくてい -definition (math), decision, settlement
獲得, かくとく -acquisition, possession
確保, かくほ -guarantee, ensure, maintain, insure, secure
革命, かくめい -revolution
確立, かくりつ -establishment
賭け, かけ -betting, gambling, a gamble
掛け, かけ -credit
駆け足, かけあし -running fast, double time
家計, かけい -household economy, family finances
駆けっこ, かけっこ -(foot) race
駆ける, かける -to run (race esp. horse), to gallop, to canter
賭ける, かける -to wager, to bet, to risk, to stake, to gamble
加工, かこう -manufacturing, processing, treatment
化合, かごう -chemical combination
嵩張る, かさばる -to be bulky, to be unwieldy, to grow voluminous
嵩む, かさむ -to pile up, to increase
風車, かざぐるま -1. windmill, 2. pinwheel
畏まりました, かしこまりました -certainly!
華奢, かしゃ -luxury, pomp, delicate, slender, gorgeous
箇所, かしょ -passage, place, point, part
火傷, かしょう -burn, scald
箇条書き, かじょうがき -itemized form, itemization
噛る, かじる -to chew, to bite (at), to gnaw, to nibble, to munch, to crunch, to have a smattering of
微か, かすか -faint, dim, weak, indistinct, hazy, poor, wretched
霞む, かすむ -to grow hazy, to be misty
化する, かする -to change into, to convert into, to transform, to be reduced, to influence, to improve (someone)
擦る, かする -to touch lightly, to take a percentage (from)
火星, かせい -Mars (planet)
化石, かせき -fossil, petrifaction, fossilization
河川, かせん -rivers
化繊, かせん -synthetic fibres
過疎, かそ -depopulation
過多, かた -excess, superabundance
難い, かたい -difficult, hard
片思い, かたおもい -unrequited love
敵, かたき -enemy, rival
気質, かたぎ -spirit, character, trait, temperament, disposition
片言, かたこと -a smattering, talk like a baby, speak haltingly
片付け, かたづけ -tidying up, finishing
傾く, かたぶく -to incline toward, to slant, to lurch, to heel over, to be disposed to, to trend toward, to be prone to, to
傾ける, かたむける -to incline, to list, to bend, to lean, to tip, to tilt, to slant, to concentrate on, to ruin (a country), to
固める, かためる -to harden, to freeze, to fortify
偏る, かたよる -to be one-sided, to incline, to be partial, to be prejudiced, to lean, to be biased
傍ら, かたわら -beside(s), while, nearby
課題, かだい -subject, theme, task
花壇, かだん -flower bed
家畜, かちく -domestic animals, livestock, cattle
画期, かっき -epoch-making
活発, かっぱつ -vigor, active
且つ, かつ -yet, and
割, かつ -divide, cut, halve, separate, split, rip, break, crack, smash, dilute
嘗て, かつて -once, ever
日付, かづけ -date, dating
門, かど -gate
叶う, かなう -to come true (wish)
叶える, かなえる -to grant (request wish)
金槌, かなづち -1. (iron) hammer, 2. punishment
鉄棒, かなぼう -iron rod, crowbar, horizontal bar (gymnastics)
可成, かなり -considerably, fairly, quite
加入, かにゅう -becoming a member, joining, entry, admission, subscription, affiliation, adherence, signing
金庫, かねぐら -safe, vault, treasury, provider of funds
予言, かねごと -prediction, promise, prognostication
兼ねて, かねて -simultaneously
下番, かばん -going off duty
下品, かひん -inferior article
華美, かび -pomp, splendor, gaudiness
花粉, かふん -pollen
株式, かぶしき -stock (company)
気触れる, かぶれる -to react to, to be influenced by, to go overboard for
貨幣, かへい -money, currency, coinage
構え, かまえ -posture, pose, style
構える, かまえる -to set up
加味, かみ -seasoning, flavoring
噛み切る, かみきる -to bite off, to gnaw through
過密, かみつ -crowded
瓶, かめ -earthenware pot
かも知れない, かもしれない -may, might, perhaps, may be, possibly
粥, かゆ -(rice) gruel
痒い, かゆい -itchy, itching
揶揄う, からかう -to ridicule, to tease, to banter with, to make fun of
身体, からだ -the body
体付き, からだつき -body build, figure
絡む, からむ -to entangle, to entwine
借り, かり -borrowing, debt, loan
下吏, かり -lower official
加留多, かるた -(pt:) (n) playing cards (pt: carta)
涸れる, かれる -to dry up, to run out
過労, かろう -overwork, strain
辛うじて, かろうじて -barely, narrowly, just manage to do st
側, かわ -side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case
可愛い, かわいい -pretty, cute, lovely, charming, dear, darling, pet
可愛がる, かわいがる -to love, to be affectionate
可哀想, かわいそう -poor, pitiable, pathetic
可愛らしい, かわいらしい -lovely, sweet
交わす, かわす -to exchange (messages), to dodge, to parry, to avoid, to turn aside
代わる, かわる -to take the place of, to relieve, to be substituted for, to be exchanged, to change places with, to take
代わる代わる, かわるがわる -alternately
乾, かん -heaven, emperor
管, かん -pipe, tube
幹, かん -(tree) trunk
冠, かん -crown, diadem, first, best, peerless, cap, naming, designating, initiating on coming of age, top character ra
観, かん -look, appearance, spectacle
館, かん -house, hall, building, hotel, inn, guesthouse
簡易, かんい -simplicity, easiness, quasi-
感慨, かんがい -strong feelings, deep emotion
寒気, かんき -cold, frost, chill
簡潔, かんけつ -brevity, conciseness, simplicity
還元, かんげん -resolution, reduction, return to origins
刊行, かんこう -publication, issue
慣行, かんこう -customary practice, habit, traditional event
勧告, かんこく -advice, counsel, remonstrance, recommendation
看護, かんご -nursing, (army) nurse
漢語, かんご -Chinese word, Sino-Japanese word
換算, かんさん -conversion, change, exchange
監視, かんし -observation, guarding, inspection, surveillance
慣習, かんしゅう -usual (historical) custom
観衆, かんしゅう -spectators, onlookers, members of the audience
干渉, かんしょう -interference, intervention
感触, かんしょく -sense of touch, feeling, sensation
肝心, かんじん -essential, fundamental, crucial, vital, main
歓声, かんせい -cheer, shout of joy
感染, かんせん -infection, contagion
幹線, かんせん -main line, trunk line
関税, かんぜい -customs, duty, tariff
簡素, かんそ -simplicity, plain
観点, かんてん -point of view
感度, かんど -sensitivity, severity (quake)
幹部, かんぶ -management, (executive) staff, leaders
勘弁, かんべん -pardon, forgiveness, forbearance
完璧, かんぺき -perfection, completeness, flawless
感無量, かんむりょう -deep feeling, inexpressible feeling, filled with emotion
勧誘, かんゆう -invitation, solicitation, canvassing, inducement, persuasion, encouragement
関与, かんよ -participation, taking part in, participating in, being concerned in
慣用, かんよう -common, customary
寛容, かんよう -forbearance, tolerance, generosity
観覧, かんらん -viewing
官僚, かんりょう -bureaucrat, bureaucracy
慣例, かんれい -custom, precedent, of convention
還暦, かんれき -60th birthday
貫禄, かんろく -presence, dignity
緩和, かんわ -relief, mitigation
蓋, がい -cover, lid, cap
街, がい -~street, ~quarters
外貨, がいか -imported goods, foreign money
外観, がいかん -appearance, exterior, facade
外相, がいしょう -Foreign Minister
害する, がいする -to injure, to damage, to harm, to kill, to hinder
概説, がいせつ -general statement, outline
該当, がいとう -corresponding, answering to, coming under
街頭, がいとう -in the street
概念, がいねん -general idea, concept, notion
外来, がいらい -imported, outpatient clinic
概略, がいりゃく -outline, summary, gist, in brief
学芸, がくげい -arts and sciences, liberal arts
学士, がくし -university graduate
学説, がくせつ -theory
楽譜, がくふ -score (music)
学歴, がくれき -academic background
崖, がけ -cliff
雅致, がち -artistry, good taste, elegance, grace
がっくり -heartbroken
合唱, がっしょう -chorus, singing in a chorus
がっしり -firmly, solidly, tough
合致, がっち -agreement, concurrence, conforming to
がっちり -solidly built, tightly, shrewd, calculating
月日, がっぴ -(the) date
合併, がっぺい -combination, union, amalgamation, consolidation, merger, coalition, fusion, annexation, affiliation, incorpor
がる -feel
側, がわ -side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case
癌, がん -cancer
眼科, がんか -ophthalmology
眼球, がんきゅう -eyeball
眼鏡, がんきょう -spectacles, glasses
頑固, がんこ -stubbornness, obstinacy
願書, がんしょ -written application or petition
頑丈, がんじょう -solid, firm, stout, burly, strong, sturdy
岩石, がんせき -rock
元年, がんねん -first year (of a specific reign)
贋物, がんぶつ -imitation, counterfeit, forgery, sham
元来, がんらい -originally, primarily, essentially, logically, naturally
生, き -pure, undiluted, raw, crude
期, き -period, time
企画, きかく -planning, project
規格, きかく -standard, norm
着飾る, きかざる -to dress up
器官, きかん -organ (of body), instrument
季刊, きかん -quarterly (e.g. magazine)
危害, きがい -injury, harm, danger
気兼ね, きがね -hesitance, diffidence, feeling constraint, fear of troubling someone, having scruples about doing someth
気軽, きがる -cheerful, buoyant, lighthearted
危機, きき -crisis
聞き取り, ききとり -listening comprehension
効き目, ききめ -effect, virtue, efficacy, impression
帰京, ききょう -returning to Tokyo
基金, ききん -fund, foundation
棄権, きけん -abstain from voting, renunciation of a right
喜劇, きげき -comedy, funny show
起源, きげん -origin, beginning, rise
機構, きこう -mechanism, organization
既婚, きこん -marriage, married
記載, きさい -mention, entry
気障, きざ -affectation, conceit, snobbery
兆し, きざし -signs, omen, symptoms
兆, きざし -signs, omen, symptoms
軋む, きしむ -to jar, to creak, to grate
気象, きしょう -weather, climate
期日, きじつ -fixed date, settlement date
記述, きじゅつ -describing, descriptor
奇数, きすう -odd number
築く, きずく -to build, to pile up, to amass
傷付く, きずつく -to be hurt, to be wounded, to get injured
規制, きせい -regulation
汽船, きせん -steamship
寄贈, きそう -donation, presentation
貴族, きぞく -noble, aristocrat
鍛える, きたえる -to forge, to drill, to temper, to train, to discipline
来る, きたる -to come, to arrive, to be due to, to be next, to be forthcoming
気立て, きだて -disposition, nature
きちっと -exactly, perfectly
几帳面, きちょうめん -methodical, punctual, steady
切っ掛け, きっかけ -chance, start, cue, excuse, motive, impetus, occasion
きっかり -exactly, precisely
喫茶, きっさ -tea drinking, tea house
きっちり -precisely, tightly
屹度, きっと -1. (uk) surely, undoubtedly, certainly, without fail, 2. sternly, severely
きっぱり -clearly, plainly, distinctly
規定, きてい -regulation, provisions
起点, きてん -starting point
軌道, きどう -orbit, railroad track
甲, きのえ -1st in rank, first sign of the Chinese calendar, shell, instep, grade A
気配, きはい -indication, market trend, worry
規範, きはん -model, standard, pattern, norm, criterion, example
気品, きひん -aroma
気風, きふう -character, traits, ethos
起伏, きふく -undulation
規模, きぼ -scale, scope, plan, structure
気まぐれ, きまぐれ -whim, caprice, whimsy, fickle, moody, uneven temper
生真面目, きまじめ -too serious, person who is too serious, honesty, sincerity
期末, きまつ -end of term
決まり悪い, きまりわるい -feeling awkward, being ashamed
決まる, きまる -to be decided, to be settled, to look good in (clothes)
記名, きめい -signature, register
脚色, きゃくしょく -dramatization (e.g. film)
脚本, きゃくほん -scenario
客観, きゃっかん -objective
規約, きやく -agreement, rules, code
救援, きゅうえん -relief, rescue, reinforcement
休学, きゅうがく -temporary absence from school, suspension
究極, きゅうきょく -ultimate, final, eventual
窮屈, きゅうくつ -narrow, tight, stiff, rigid, uneasy, formal, constrained
球根, きゅうこん -(plant) bulb
救済, きゅうさい -relief, aid, rescue, salvation, help
給食, きゅうしょく -school lunch, providing a meal
給仕, きゅうじ -office boy (girl), page, waiter
休戦, きゅうせん -truce, armistice
旧知, きゅうち -old friend, old friendship
宮殿, きゅうでん -palace
窮乏, きゅうぼう -poverty
丘陵, きゅうりょう -hill
共, きょう -both, neither (neg), all, and, as well as, including, with, together with, plural ending
供, きょう -offer, present, submit, serve (a meal), supply
驚異, きょうい -wonder, miracle
教員, きょういん -teaching staff
教科, きょうか -subject, curriculum
協会, きょうかい -association, society, organization
共感, きょうかん -sympathy, response
共学, きょうがく -coeducation
協議, きょうぎ -conference, consultation, discussion, negotiation
教訓, きょうくん -lesson, precept, moral instruction
境遇, きょうぐう -environment, circumstances
強行, きょうこう -forcing, enforcement
強硬, きょうこう -firm, vigorous, unbending, unyielding, strong, stubborn
凶作, きょうさく -bad harvest, poor crop
共産, きょうさん -communism
教材, きょうざい -teaching materials
教習, きょうしゅう -training, instruction
郷愁, きょうしゅう -nostalgia, homesickness
教職, きょうしょく -teaching certificate, the teaching profession
享受, きょうじゅ -reception, acceptance, enjoyment, being given
興じる, きょうじる -to amuse oneself, to make merry
強制, きょうせい -obligation, coercion, compulsion, enforcement
共存, きょうそん -coexistence
姉妹, きょうだい -sisters
協調, きょうちょう -co-operation, conciliation, harmony, firm (market) tone
協定, きょうてい -arrangement, pact, agreement
脅迫, きょうはく -threat, menace, coercion, terrorism
共鳴, きょうめい -resonance, sympathy
郷里, きょうり -birth-place, home town
強烈, きょうれつ -strong, intense, severe
共和, きょうわ -republicanism, cooperation
曲, きょく -tune, piece of music
局限, きょくげん -limit, localize
極端, きょくたん -extreme, extremity
居住, きょじゅう -residence
拒絶, きょぜつ -refusal, rejection
拒否, きょひ -denial, veto, rejection, refusal
許容, きょよう -permission, pardon
距離, きょり -distance, range
寄与, きよ -contribution, service
清らか, きよらか -clean, pure, chaste
気楽, きらく -at ease, comfortable
煌びやか, きらびやか -gorgeous, gaudy, dazzling, gay
切り, きり -limits, end, bounds, period, place to leave off, closing sentence, all there is, only, since
桐, きり -paulownia tree
切り替える, きりかえる -to change, to exchange, to convert, to renew, to throw a switch, to replace, to switch over
気流, きりゅう -atmospheric current
奇麗, きれい -pretty, clean, nice, tidy, beautiful, fair
切れ目, きれめ -break, pause, gap, end, rift, interruption, cut, section, notch, incision, end (of a task)
際, きわ -edge, brink, verge, side
木綿, きわた -cotton
極めて, きわめて -exceedingly, extremely
僅, きん -a little, small quantity
近眼, きんがん -nearsightedness, shortsightedness, myopia
緊急, きんきゅう -urgent, pressing, emergency
近々, きんきん -nearness, before long
近郊, きんこう -suburbs, outskirts
均衡, きんこう -equilibrium, balance
近視, きんし -shortsightedness
禁じる, きんじる -to prohibit
禁ずる, きんずる -to forbid, to suppress
勤勉, きんべん -industry, diligence
勤務, きんむ -service, duty, work
禁物, きんもつ -taboo, forbidden thing
勤労, きんろう -labor, exertion, diligent service
議案, ぎあん -legislative bill
戯曲, ぎきょく -play, drama
議決, ぎけつ -resolution, decision, vote
議事堂, ぎじどう -Diet building
犠牲, ぎせい -sacrifice
偽造, ぎぞう -forgery, falsification, fabrication, counterfeiting
議題, ぎだい -topic of discussion, agenda
技能, ぎのう -technical skill, ability, capacity
逆転, ぎゃくてん -(sudden) change, reversal, turn-around, coming from behind (baseball)
行, ぎょう -line, row, verse
業者, ぎょうしゃ -trader, merchant
行政, ぎょうせい -administration
業績, ぎょうせき -achievement, performance, results, work, contribution
業務, ぎょうむ -business, affairs, duties, work
玉, ぎょく -king (shogi)
漁船, ぎょせん -fishing boat
漁村, ぎょそん -fishing village
義理, ぎり -duty, sense of duty, honor, decency, courtesy, debt of gratitude, social obligation
疑惑, ぎわく -doubt, misgivings, distrust, suspicion
吟味, ぎんみ -testing, scrutiny, careful investigation
区, く -ward, district, section
食い違う, くいちがう -to cross each other, to run counter to, to differ, to clash, to go awry
空腹, くうふく -hunger
区画, くかく -division, section, compartment, boundary, area, block
区間, くかん -section (of track etc)
茎, くき -stalk
区切り, くぎり -an end, a stop, punctuation
潜る, くぐる -1. to drive, to pass through, 2. to evade, to hide, 3. to dive (into or under water), to go undergro
種々, くさぐさ -variety
嚏, くしゃみ -sneeze
旧事, くじ -past events, bygones
籤引, くじびき -lottery, drawn lot
擽ぐったい, くすぐったい -ticklish
草臥れる, くたびれる -to get tired, to wear out
下らない, くだらない -good-for-nothing, stupid, trivial, worthless
件, くだん -example, precedent, the usual, the said, the above-mentioned, (man) in question
口ずさむ, くちずさむ -to hum something, to sing to oneself
嘴, くちばし -beak, bill
朽ちる, くちる -to rot
くっきり -distinctly, clearly, boldly
屈折, くっせつ -bending, indentation, refraction
くっ付く, くっつく -to adhere to, to keep close to
くっ付ける, くっつける -to attach
覆す, くつがえす -to overturn, to upset, to overthrow, to undermine
諄い, くどい -verbose, importunate, heavy (taste)
国境, くにざかい -national or state border
首飾り, くびかざり -necklace
首輪, くびわ -necklace, choker
組み合わせ, くみあわせ -combination
組み合わせる, くみあわせる -to join together, to combine, to join up
組み込む, くみこむ -to insert, to include, to cut in (printing)
蔵, くら -warehouse, cellar, magazine, granary, godown, depository, treasury, elevator
苦しめる, くるしめる -to torment, to harass, to inflict pain
包む, くるむ -to be engulfed in, to be enveloped by, to wrap up, to tuck in, to pack, to do up, to cover with, to dress i
呉れ呉れも, くれぐれも -repeatedly, sincerely, earnestly
呉れる, くれる -to give, to let one have, to do for one, to be given
玄人, くろうと -expert, professional, geisha, prostitute
黒字, くろじ -balance (figure) in the black
君主, くんしゅ -ruler, monarch
愚痴, ぐち -idle complaint, grumble
ぐっと -firmly, fast, much, more
ぐらい -approximately
群, ぐん -group (math)
軍艦, ぐんかん -warship, battleship
群集, ぐんしゅう -(social) group, crowd, throng, mob, multitude
軍事, ぐんじ -military affairs
軍備, ぐんび -armaments, military preparations
軍服, ぐんぷく -military or naval uniform
刑, けい -penalty, sentence, punishment
頃, けい -time, about, toward, approximately (time)
傾, けい -lean, incline
系, けい -system, lineage, group
経過, けいか -passage, expiration, progress
軽快, けいかい -rhythmical (e.g. melody), casual (e.g. dress), light, nimble
警戒, けいかい -warning, admonition, vigilance
計器, けいき -meter, gauge
契機, けいき -opportunity, chance
敬具, けいぐ -Sincerely yours
軽減, けいげん -abatement
掲載, けいさい -appearance (e.g. article in paper)
傾斜, けいしゃ -inclination, slant, slope, bevel, list, dip
形成, けいせい -formation
形勢, けいせい -condition, situation, prospects
軽率, けいそつ -rash, thoughtless, careless, hasty
携帯, けいたい -carrying something
形態, けいたい -form, shape, figure
刑罰, けいばつ -judgement, penalty, punishment
経費, けいひ -expenses, cost, outlay
警部, けいぶ -police inspector
軽蔑, けいべつ -scorn, disdain
経歴, けいれき -personal history, career
経路, けいろ -course, route, channel
汚す, けがす -to disgrace, to dishonour
汚らわしい, けがらわしい -filthy, unfair
汚れ, けがれ -uncleanness, impurity, disgrace
汚れる, けがれる -to get dirty, to become dirty
獣, けだもの -beast, brute
吝嗇, けち -stinginess, miser, miserliness, skinflint, tightwad, niggard, pinching pennies
結核, けっかく -tuberculosis, tubercule
血管, けっかん -blood vessel
決行, けっこう -doing (with resolve), carrying out (i.e. a plan)
決算, けっさん -balance sheet, settlement of accounts
決勝, けっしょう -decision of a contest, finals (in sports)
結晶, けっしょう -crystal, crystallization
結成, けっせい -formation
結束, けっそく -union, unity
傑, けつ -excellence
決意, けつい -decision, determination
決議, けつぎ -resolution, vote, decision
結合, けつごう -combination, union
決断, けつだん -decision, determination
欠乏, けつぼう -want, shortage, famine
蹴飛ばす, けとばす -to kick away, to kick off, to kick (someone), to refuse, to reject
貶す, けなす -to speak ill of
煙たい, けむたい -smoky, feeling awkward
煙る, けむる -to smoke (e.g. fire)
家来, けらい -retainer, retinue, servant
けれど -but, however
圏, けん -sphere, circle, range
権, けん -authority, the right (to do something)
権威, けんい -authority, power, influence
兼業, けんぎょう -side line, second business
権限, けんげん -power, authority, jurisdiction
健在, けんざい -in good health, well
懸賞, けんしょう -offering prizes, winning, reward
検事, けんじ -public prosecutor
健全, けんぜん -health, soundness, wholesome
見地, けんち -point of view
賢明, けんめい -wisdom, intelligence, prudence
倹約, けんやく -thrift, economy, frugality
兼用, けんよう -multi-use, combined use, combination, serving two purposes
権力, けんりょく -power