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< JLPT Guide | JLPT N1 Vocabulary 嗚呼, ああ -Ah!, Oh!, Alas! 相, あい -together, mutually, fellow 相変わらず, あいかわらず -as ever, as usual, the same 愛想, あいそ -civility, courtesy, compliments, sociability, graces 相対, あいたい -confrontation, facing, between ourselves, no third party, tete-a-tete 間柄, あいだがら -relation(ship) 愛憎, あいにく -likes and dislikes 合間, あいま -interval 曖昧, あいまい -vague, ambiguous 敢えて, あえて -dare (to do), challenge (to do) 仰ぐ, あおぐ -to look up (to), to respect, to depend on, to ask for, to seek, to revere, to drink, to take 垢, あか -dirt, filth 亜科, あか -suborder, subfamily 銅, あかがね -copper 証, あかし -proof, evidence 赤字, あかじ -deficit, go in the red 明かす, あかす -to pass, spend, to reveal, to divulge 赤ちゃん, あかちゃん -baby, infant 明白, あからさま -obvious, overt, plainly, frankly 赤らむ, あからむ -to become red, to redden, to blush 明るい, あかるい -bright, cheerful 上がり, あがり -1. slope, advance income, crop yield, ascent, rise, advance, death, spinning, completion, stop, finish, after 上がる, あがる -to enter, to go up, to rise, to climb up, to advance, to appreciate, to be promoted, to improve, to call on, 商人, あきうど -trader, shopkeeper, merchant 空間, あきま -vacancy, room for rent or lease 諦め, あきらめ -resignation, acceptance, consolation 呆れる, あきれる -to be amazed, to be shocked 悪, あく -evil, wickedness 灰, あく -puckery juice あくどい -1. gaudy, showy, excessive, 2. vicious 悪日, あくび -unlucky day 明くる, あくる -next, following 憧れ, あこがれ -yearning, longing, aspiration 顎, あご -chin 麻, あさ -flax, linen, hemp 明後日, あさって -day after tomorrow 朝寝坊, あさねぼう -oversleeping, late riser 浅ましい, あさましい -wretched, miserable, shameful, mean, despicable, abject 字, あざ -section of village 欺く, あざむく -to deceive 鮮やか, あざやか -vivid, clear, brilliant あざ笑う, あざわらう -to sneer at, to ridicule 味わい, あじわい -flavour, meaning, significance 東, あずま -east, Eastern Japan 焦る, あせる -to be in a hurry, to be impatient 彼処, あそこ -1. (uk) there, over there, that place, 2. (X) (col) genitals 値, あたい -value, price, cost, worth, merit 値する, あたいする -to be worth, to deserve, to merit 私, あたし -I (fem) 当たり, あたり -hit, success, reaching the mark, per …, vicinity, neighborhood 当たり前, あたりまえ -usual, common, ordinary, natural, reasonable, obvious 他人, あだびと -another person, unrelated person, outsider, stranger 彼方此方, あちこち -here and there 彼方, あちら -1. there, yonder, that 彼方此方, あちらこちら -here and there 悪化, あっか -deterioration, growing worse, aggravation, degeneration, corruption 呆気ない, あっけない -not enough, too quick (short long etc.) 悪口, あっこう -abuse, insult, slander, evil speaking あっさり -easily, readily, quickly 圧迫, あっぱく -pressure, coercion, oppression 扱い, あつかい -treatment, service 集まる, あつまる -to gather, to collect, to assemble 誂える, あつらえる -to give an order, to place an order 圧力, あつりょく -stress, pressure 当て, あて -object, aim, end, hopes, expectations 宛, あて -addressed to 当て字, あてじ -phonetic-equivalent character, substitute character 当てはまる, あてはまる -to apply (a rule) 当てはめる, あてはめる -to apply, to adapt 宛てる, あてる -to address 跡継ぎ, あとつぎ -heir, successor 後回し, あとまわし -putting off, postponing 貴女, あなた -you, lady 彼の, あの -that over there 溢れる, あふれる -to flood, to overflow, to brim over 油絵, あぶらえ -oil painting 炙る, あぶる -to scorch あべこべ -contrary, opposite, inverse 甘える, あまえる -to behave like a spoiled child, to fawn on 甘口, あまくち -sweet flavour, mildness, flattery, stupidity 雨具, あまぐ -rain gear 天, あまつ -heavenly, imperial 網, あみ -net, network 天地, あめつち -heaven and earth, the universe, nature, top and bottom, realm, sphere, world 操る, あやつる -to manipulate, to operate, to pull strings あやふや -uncertain, vague, ambiguous 危ぶむ, あやぶむ -to fear, to have misgivings, to be doubtful, to mistrust 過ち, あやまち -fault, error, indiscretion 誤る, あやまる -to make a mistake 歩み, あゆみ -walking 歩む, あゆむ -to walk, to go on foot あら -oh, ah, saw-edged perch (Niphon spinosus) 予め, あらかじめ -beforehand, in advance, previously 荒らす, あらす -to lay waste, to devastate, to damage, to invade, to break into 粗筋, あらすじ -outline, summary 争い, あらそい -dispute, strife, quarrel, dissension, conflict, rivalry, contest 改まる, あらたまる -to be renewed 荒っぽい, あらっぽい -rough, rude 凡ゆる, あらゆる -all, every あられ -kind of cookie, cartoon character 現われ, あらわれ -embodiment, materialization 現われる, あらわれる -to appear, to come in sight, to become visible, to come out, to embody, to materialize, to express oneself 有難う, ありがとう -Thank you 有様, ありさま -state, condition, circumstances, the way things are or should be, truth 有りのまま, ありのまま -the truth, fact, as it is, frankly 或る, ある -a certain…, some… 或いは, あるいは -or, possibly 彼此, あれこれ -one thing or another, this and that, this or that 合わす, あわす -to join together, to face, to unite, to be opposite, to combine, to connect, to add up, to mix, to match, to 合わせ, あわせ -joint together, opposite, facing 慌ただしい, あわただしい -busy, hurried, confused, flurried 慌てる, あわてる -to become confused (disconcerted disorganized) 暗殺, あんさつ -assassination 暗算, あんざん -mental arithmetic 暗示, あんじ -hint, suggestion 案じる, あんじる -to be anxious, to ponder 安静, あんせい -rest 案の定, あんのじょう -sure enough, as usual 余り, あんまり -not very (this form only used as adverb), not much, remainder, rest, remnant, surplus, balance, excess, rema 依, い -depending on 良い, いい -good 伊井, いい -that one, Italy 否, いいえ -no, nay, yes, well いい加減, いいかげん -moderate, right, random, not thorough, vague, irresponsible, halfhearted 言い訳, いいわけ -excuse, explanation 家出, いえで -running away from home, leaving home 家主, いえぬし -landlord 如何, いかが -how, in what way 生かす, いかす -to revive, to resuscitate, to make use of 雷, いかずち -thunder 如何に, いかに -how?, in what way?, how much?, however, whatever 如何にも, いかにも -indeed, really, phrase meaning agreement 怒り, いかり -anger, hatred 怒る, いかる -to get angry, to be angry 歪む, いがむ -to warp, to swerve, to deflect, to be crooked, to be distorted, to be bent, to incline, to slant, to be perv 粋, いき -chic, style, purity, essence 域外, いきがい -outside the area 意気込む, いきごむ -to be enthusiastic about 経緯, いきさつ -1. details, whole story, sequence of events, particulars, how it started, how things got this way, 2. c 行き違い, いきちがい -misunderstanding, estrangement, disagreement, crossing without meeting, going astray 行き成り, いきなり -suddenly 異議, いぎ -objection, dissent, protest いく -to come, to orgasm 軍, いくさ -war, battle, campaign, fight 戦, いくさ -war, battle, campaign, fight 育成, いくせい -rearing, training, nurture, cultivation, promotion 幾多, いくた -many, numerous 活ける, いける -to arrange (flowers) 異見, いけん -different opinion, objection 意向, いこう -intention, idea, inclination 移行, いこう -switching over to いざ -now, come (now), well, crucial moment 碑, いしぶみ -stone monument bearing an inscription 衣装, いしょう -clothing, costume, outfit, garment, dress 意地, いじ -disposition, spirit, willpower, obstinacy, backbone, appetite 苛める, いじめる -to tease, to torment, to persecute, to chastise 移住, いじゅう -migration, immigration 弄る, いじる -to touch, to tamper with 何れ, いずれ -where, which, who, anyway, anyhow, at any rate 異性, いせい -the opposite sex 遺跡, いせき -historic ruins (remains relics) 依然, いぜん -still, as yet 依存, いそん -dependence, dependent, reliance 委託, いたく -consign (goods (for sale) to a firm), entrust (person with something), commit 悪戯, いたずら -tease, prank, trick, practical joke, mischief 頂, いただき -(top of) head, summit, spire 戴きます, いただきます -expression of gratitude before meals 至って, いたって -very much, exceedingly, extremely 痛む, いたむ -to hurt, to feel a pain, to be injured 痛める, いためる -to hurt, to injure, to cause pain, to worry, to bother, to afflict, to be grieved over 炒める, いためる -to stir-fry 労る, いたわる -to pity, to sympathize with, to console, to care for, to be kind to 市, いち -market, fair 位地, いち -place, situation, position, location 一々, いちいち -one by one, separately 一概に, いちがいに -unconditionally, as a rule 一見, いちげん -unfamiliar, never before met 一言, いちげん -single word 一日, いちじつ -(1) one day, (2) first of month 一定, いちじょう -fixed, settled, definite, uniform, regularized, defined, standardized, certain, prescribed 著しい, いちじるしい -remarkable, considerable 一同, いちどう -all present, all concerned, all of us 一人, いちにん -one person 一部, いちぶ -1. one copy e.g. of a document, 2. a part, partly, some 一部分, いちぶぶん -a part 一別, いちべつ -parting 一面, いちめん -one side, one phase, front page, the other hand, the whole surface 一目, いちもく -a glance, a look, a glimpse 一様, いちよう -uniformity, evenness, similarity, equality, impartiality 一律, いちりつ -evenness, uniformity, monotony, equality 一連, いちれん -a series, a chain, a ream (of paper) 一括, いっかつ -all together, batch, one lump, one bundle, summing up 一気, いっき -drink!(said repeatedly as a party cheer) 一挙に, いっきょに -at a stroke, with a single swoop 一切, いっさい -all, everything, without exception, the whole, entirely, absolutely 一心, いっしん -one mind, wholeheartedness, the whole heart いっそ -rather, sooner, might as well 一帯, いったい -a region, a zone, the whole place 一敗, いっぱい -one defeat 一変, いっぺん -complete change, about-face 何時, いつ -when, how soon 何時か, いつか -sometime, someday, one day, some time or other, the other day, in due course, in time 何時でも, いつでも -(at) any time, always, at all times, never (neg), whenever 何時の間にか, いつのまにか -before one knows, unnoticed, unawares 何時までも, いつまでも -forever, for good, eternally, as long as one likes, indefinitely 何時も, いつも -always, usually, every time, never (with neg. verb) 意図, いと -intention, aim, design 営む, いとなむ -to carry on (e.g. in ceremony), to run a business 暇, いとま -free time, leisure, leave, spare time, farewell 異動, いどう -a change 挑む, いどむ -to challenge, to contend for, to make love to 稲光, いなびかり -(flash of) lightning 古, いにしえ -antiquity, ancient times 祈り, いのり -prayer, supplication 鼾, いびき -snoring 今更, いまさら -now, at this late hour 未だ, いまだ -as yet, hitherto, not yet (neg) 移民, いみん -emigration, immigration, emigrant, immigrant 厭々, いやいや -unwillingly, grudgingly, shaking head in refusal (to children) 卑しい, いやしい -greedy, vulgar, shabby, humble, base, mean, vile いやに -awfully, terribly 厭やらしい, いやらしい -detestable, disagreeable 愈々, いよいよ -more and more, all the more, increasingly, at last, beyond doubt 意欲, いよく -will, desire, ambition 苛々, いらいら -getting nervous, irritation 入口, いりくち -entrance, gate, approach, mouth 衣料, いりょう -clothing 威力, いりょく -power, might, authority, influence 入る, いる -to get in, to go in, to come in, to flow into, to set, to set in 衣類, いるい -clothes, clothing, garments 色々, いろいろ -various 異論, いろん -different opinion, objection 所謂, いわゆる -the so-called, so to speak 印, いん -seal, stamp, mark, print 員, いん -member 印鑑, いんかん -stamp, seal 陰気, いんき -gloom, melancholy 隠居, いんきょ -retirement, retired person 上下, うえした -high and low, up and down, unloading and loading, praising and blaming 浮かぶ, うかぶ -to float, to rise to surface, to come to mind 受かる, うかる -to pass (examination) 含嗽, うがい -gargle, rinse mouth 受け入れ, うけいれ -receiving, acceptance 受け入れる, うけいれる -to accept, to receive 受け継ぐ, うけつぐ -to inherit, to succeed, to take over 受け付ける, うけつける -to be accepted, to receive (an application) 受け止める, うけとめる -to catch, to stop the blow, to react to, to take 受け取り, うけとり -receipt 受身, うけみ -passive, passive voice 動き, うごき -movement, activity, trend, development, change 潮, うしお -tide 氏, うじ -family name 渦, うず -swirl 埋まる, うずまる -to be buried, to be surrounded, to overflow, to be filled 嘘つき, うそつき -liar (sometimes said with not much seriousness), fibber 打ち合わせ, うちあわせ -business meeting, previous arrangement, appointment 打ち合わせる, うちあわせる -to knock together, to arrange 打ち切る, うちきる -to stop, to abort, to discontinue, to close 打ち消し, うちけし -negation, denial, negative 打ち込む, うちこむ -to drive in (e.g. nail stake), to devote oneself to, to shoot into, to smash, to throw into, to cast int 団扇, うちわ -fan 内訳, うちわけ -the items, breakdown, classification 訴え, うったえ -lawsuit, complaint 鬱陶しい, うっとうしい -gloomy, depressing 写し, うつし -copy, duplicate, facsimile, transcript 空ろ, うつろ -blank, cavity, hollow, empty (space) 器, うつわ -bowl, vessel, container 雨天, うてん -rainy weather 腕前, うでまえ -ability, skill, facility 饂飩, うどん -noodles (Japanese) 促す, うながす -to urge, to press, to suggest, to demand, to stimulate, to quicken, to incite, to invite (attention to) 唸る, うなる -to groan, to moan, to roar, to howl, to growl, to hum, to buzz, to sough 自惚れ, うぬぼれ -pretension, conceit, hubris 甘い, うまい -delicious 生まれつき, うまれつき -by nature, by birth, native 海路, うみじ -sea route 産む, うむ -to give birth, to deliver, to produce 埋め込む, うめこむ -to bury 梅干, うめぼし -dried plum 末, うら -top end, tip 裏返し, うらがえし -inside out, upside down 売り出し, うりだし -(bargain) sale 売り出す, うりだす -to put on sale, to market, to become popular 潤う, うるおう -to be moist, to be damp, to get wet, to profit by, to be watered, to receive benefits, to favor, to charm, t 五月蝿い, うるさい -noisy, loud, fussy 売れ行き, うれゆき -sales 浮気, うわき -flighty, fickle, wanton, unfaithful 上手, うわて -1. upper part, upper stream, left side (of a stage), 2. skillful (only in comparisons), dexterity (on 上回る, うわまわる -to exceed 植わる, うわる -to be planted 運営, うんえい -management, administration, operation うんざり -tedious, boring, being fed up with 運送, うんそう -shipping, marine transportation 運賃, うんちん -freight rates, shipping expenses, fare 云々, うんぬん -and so on, and so forth, comment 運搬, うんぱん -transport, carriage 運命, うんめい -fate 運輸, うんゆ -transportation 運用, うんよう -making use of, application, investment, practical use 会, え -understanding 重, え –fold, -ply えい -ray (fish) 映写, えいしゃ -projection 英字, えいじ -English letter (character) 衛生, えいせい -health, hygiene, sanitation, medical 映像, えいぞう -reflection, image 英雄, えいゆう -hero, great man 液, えき -liquid, fluid 役, えき -war, campaign, battle 閲覧, えつらん -inspection, reading 獲物, えもの -game, spoils, trophy 襟, えり -neck, collar, lapel, neckband 縁, えん -chance, fate, destiny, relation, bonds, connection, karma 塩, えん -salt 艶, えん -charming, fascinating, voluptuous 園, えん -garden (esp. man-made) 円滑, えんかつ -harmony, smoothness 縁側, えんがわ -veranda, porch, balcony, open corridor 沿岸, えんがん -coast, shore 婉曲, えんきょく -euphemistic, circumlocution, roundabout, indirect, insinuating 演習, えんしゅう -practice, exercises, manoeuvers 演出, えんしゅつ -production (e.g. play), direction 演じる, えんじる -to perform (a play), to play (a part), to act (a part), to commit (a blunder) 演ずる, えんずる -to perform, to play 沿線, えんせん -along railway line 縁談, えんだん -marriage proposal, engagement 遠方, えんぽう -long way, distant place 円満, えんまん -perfection, harmony, peace, smoothness, completeness, satisfaction, integrity 尾, お -tail, ridge 於, お -at, in, on 甥, おい -nephew 追い込む, おいこむ -to herd, to corner, to drive 美味しい, おいしい -delicious, tasty 追い出す, おいだす -to expel, to drive out 於いて, おいて -at, in, on お出でになる, おいでになる -to be 老いる, おいる -to age, to grow old 負う, おう -to bear, to owe 応急, おうきゅう -emergency 黄金, おうごん -gold 黄色, おうしょく -yellow 応募, おうぼ -subscription, application おおい -hey! 大方, おおかた -perhaps, almost all, majority 大柄, おおがら -large build, large pattern 大げさ, おおげさ -grandiose, exaggerated 大事, おおごと -important, valuable, serious matter 大ざっぱ, おおざっぱ -rough (as in not precise), broad, sketchy 大筋, おおすじ -outline, summary 大空, おおぞら -heaven, firmament, the sky 大幅, おおはば -full width, large scale, drastic 大水, おおみず -flood 公, おおやけ -official, public, formal, open, governmental お蔭, おかげ -(your) backing, assistance お蔭様で, おかげさまで -Thanks to god, thanks to you 可笑しい, おかしい -strange, funny, amusing, ridiculous 犯す, おかす -to commit, to perpetrate, to violate, to rape 侵す, おかす -to invade, to raid, to trespass, to violate, to intrude on お菜, おかず -side dish, accompaniment for rice dishes 臆病, おくびょう -cowardice, timidity 遅らす, おくらす -to retard, to delay 遅れ, おくれ -delay, lag 起こす, おこす -to raise, to cause, to wake someone 行い, おこない -deed, conduct, behavior, action, asceticism 厳か, おごそか -austere, majestic, dignified, stately, awful, impressive 傲る, おごる -to be proud 長, おさ -chief, head 押さえる, おさえる -to stop, to restrain, to seize, to repress, to suppress, to press down お先に, おさきに -before, ahead, previously 収まる, おさまる -to be obtained, to end, to settle into, to fit into, to be settled, to be paid, to be delivered 納まる, おさまる -to be obtained, to end, to settle into, to fit into, to be settled, to be paid, to be delivered 治まる, おさまる -to be at peace, to clamp down, to lessen (storm terror anger) お産, おさん -(giving) birth 教え, おしえ -teachings, precept, lesson, doctrine 押し込む, おしこむ -to push into, to crowd into 惜しむ, おしむ -to be frugal, to value, to regret お喋り, おしゃべり -chattering, talk, idle talk, chat, chitchat, gossip, chatty, talkative, chatterbox, blabbermouth お洒落, おしゃれ -smartly dressed, someone smartly dressed, fashion-conscious 押し寄せる, おしよせる -to push aside, to advance on お祖父さん, おじいさん -grandfather, male senior-citizen お邪魔します, おじゃまします -Excuse me for disturbing (interrupting) you 雄, おす -male (animal) お世辞, おせじ -flattery, compliment 襲う, おそう -to attack 遅くとも, おそくとも -at the latest 恐らく, おそらく -perhaps 恐れ, おそれ -fear, horror 恐れ入る, おそれいる -to be filled with awe, to feel small, to be amazed, to be surprised, to be disconcerted, to be sorry, to b お大事に, おだいじに -Take care of yourself 煽てる, おだてる -to stir up, to instigate, to flatter 落ち込む, おちこむ -to fall into, to feel down (sad) 落ち着き, おちつき -calm, composure 落ち葉, おちば -fallen leaves, leaf litter, defoliation, shedding leaves 落ちる, おちる -to fail (e.g. exam), to fall down, to drop おっかない -frightening, huge 仰っしゃる, おっしゃる -to say, to speak, to tell, to talk 乙, おつ -1. strange, quaint, stylish, chic, spicy, queer, witty, tasty, romantic, 2. 2nd in rank, second sign of the お使い, おつかい -errand お手上げ, おてあげ -all over, given in, given up hope, bring to knees 御手洗い, おてあらい -toilet, restroom, lavatory, bathroom (US) 弟, おと -younger brother 落とす, おとす -to drop, to lose, to let fall 訪れる, おとずれる -to visit 大人しい, おとなしい -obedient, docile, quiet 少女, おとめ -daughter, young lady, virgin, maiden, little girl お供, おとも -attendant, companion 衰える, おとろえる -to become weak, to decline, to wear, to abate, to decay, to wither, to waste away おどおど -coweringly, hesitantly 脅かす, おどかす -to threaten, to coerce 脅す, おどす -to threaten, to menace 驚き, おどろき -surprise, astonishment, wonder 同い年, おないどし -of the same age 女子, おなご -woman, girl お願いします, おねがいします -please 各, おのおの -each, every, either, respectively, severally 自ずから, おのずから -naturally, as a matter of course お早う, おはよう -Good morning お祖母さん, おばあさん -grandmother, female senior-citizen 怯える, おびえる -to become frightened, to have a nightmare 夥しい, おびただしい -abundantly, innumerably 帯びる, おびる -to wear, to carry, to be entrusted, to have, to take on, to have a trace of, to be tinged with 覚え, おぼえ -memory, sense, experience 御負け, おまけ -1. a discount, a prize, 2. something additional, bonus, an extra, 3. an exaggeration お巡りさん, おまわりさん -policeman (friendly term) お宮, おみや -Shinto shrine お襁褓, おむつ -diaper, nappy お目出度う, おめでとう -(ateji) (int) (uk) Congratulations!, an auspicious occasion! 面, おも -face 思い付き, おもいつき -plan, idea, suggestion 面白い, おもしろい -interesting, amusing 玩具, おもちゃ -toy 重なる, おもなる -main, principal, important 趣, おもむき -meaning, tenor, gist, effect, appearance, taste, grace, charm, refinement 赴く, おもむく -to go, to proceed, to repair to, to become 重役, おもやく -heavy responsibilities, director 重んじる, おもんじる -to respect, to honor, to esteem, to prize 重んずる, おもんずる -to honor, to respect, to esteem, to prize お休み, おやすみ -holiday, absence, rest, Good night お八, おやつ -1. (uk) between meal snack, afternoon refreshment, afternoon tea, 2. mid-day snack 凡そ, およそ -about, roughly, as a rule, approximately 及び, および -and, as well as 及ぶ, およぶ -to reach, to come up to, to amount to, to befall, to happen to, to extend, to match, to equal 織, おり -weave, weaving, woven item 檻, おり -cage, pen, jail cell 折り返す, おりかえす -to turn up, to fold back 織物, おりもの -textile, fabric 織る, おる -to weave 俺, おれ -I (ego) (boastful first-person pronoun) 愚か, おろか -foolish, stupid 疎か, おろそか -neglect, negligence, carelessness 終わる, おわる -to finish, to close 音色, おんいろ -tone color, tone quality, timbre, synthesizer patch 温和, おんわ -gentle, mild, moderate