Makurakotoba (枕詞, lit. 'pillow words') are figures of speech used in Japanese waka poetry in association with certain words. The set phrase can be thought of as a “pillow” for the noun or verb it describes, although the actual etymology is not fully known. It can also describe associations and allusions to older poems (see honkadori).
Many have lost their original meaning but are still used. They are not to be confused with utamakura (“poem pillow”), which are a category of poetic words used to add greater mystery and depth to poems. Makurakotoba are present in the Kojiki, one of Japan's earliest chronicles.[1].
Exemple
Examples edit There are many instances of makurakotoba found in the Man'yōshū.[5] The very first poem demonstrates how this was used:
ko mo yo mi-ko mochi fukushi mo yo mi-bukushi mochi kono oka ni na tsumasu ko ie kikana na norasane sora mitsu Yamato-no-kuni wa oshinabete ware koso ore shikinabete ware koso imase ware koso wa norame ie o mo na o mo
Translation: Girl with your basket, your pretty basket, With your shovel, with your pretty shovel, Gathering shoots on the hillside here, I want to ask your home. Tell me your name! The land of Yamato, seen by the gods on high― It is all my realm in all of it I reign supreme. I will tell you my home and my name.[6]
In this poem, sora mitsu (literally “sky-seen” or “sky-spreading”) modifies the place name Yamato.
Some historical makurakotoba have developed into the usual words for their meaning in modern Japanese, replacing the terms they originally alluded to. For example, niwa tsu tori (庭つ鳥, bird of the garden) was in classical Japanese a makurakotoba for kake (鶏, chicken). In modern Japanese, niwatori has displaced the latter word outright and become the everyday word for “chicken” (dropping the case marker tsu along the way)
Bien sûr, voici la liste des mots (probablement des makurakotoba ou “mots-oreiller”) et leurs associations, formatée en mode liste : 🇯🇵 Liste des Makurakotoba et leurs Associations
Voici la suite des makurakotoba formatée en liste, avec leur sens et ce qu'ils modifient : 🇯🇵 Suite des Makurakotoba et leurs Associations * 青丹よし (aoni yoshi) :
* 茜さす (akane sasu) :
* 秋山の (akiyama no) :
* 葦が散る (ashi ga chiru) :
* 麻裳よし (asamo yoshi) :
* 足引きの (ashi-hiki no) :
* 梓弓 (azusa yumi) :
* 鯨取り (isana tori) :
* 石綱の (iwatsuna no) :
* 石走る (iwa-bashiru) :
* 打ち靡く (uchinabiku) :
* 打ち寄する (uchiyosuru) :
Aimeriez-vous que j'ajoute d'autres termes à cette liste, ou que j'explique pourquoi ces expressions étaient utilisées dans la poésie japonaise ancienne ?
* 神風の (kamikaze no) :
* 草枕 (kusamakura) :
* 言喧く (koto saeku) :
* 高麗剣 (Koma tsurugi) :
* 隠りくの (komoriku no) :
* そらみつ (sora mitsu) :
* 玉藻よし (tamamo yoshi) :
* 栲縄の (takunawa no) :
* 玉衣の (tamaginu no) :
* 魂極る (tama kiwaru) :
* 玉襷 (tamadasuki) :
* 千早振る (chihayaburu) :
* 時つ風 (toki tsu kaze) :
* 灯火の (tomoshibi no) :
* 鶏が鳴く (tori ga naku) :
* 妻籠もる (tsuma-gomoru) :
* 春霞 (haru-gasumi) :
* 日の本の (hi no moto no) :
* 蜷の腸 (mina no wata) :
* 百敷の (momoshiki no) :
Souhaitez-vous que je développe le concept des makurakotoba ou que je recherche des exemples tirés de poèmes spécifiques ?
makurakotoba“ The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total.
あ 青丹よし 茜さし 茜さす 朝霞 浅茅生の 足引きの 梓弓 あらたまの お 女郎花 し 白妙の 白栲の そ 空に満つ ち 千早人 千早振る ひ 日の本の み 澪標 や 八雲立つ
See also edit Honkadori Jokotoba Kakekotoba Kenning Onomatopoeia The Pillow Book Utamakura
Sources